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and immediately instrumental in reaching and influencing the external world. The brain is the chief seat of power, but is no more the mind, is no more a condition of its activity, than the nervous system generally, spreading through and through the body, and perfectly possessing it. But this instrument of the mind is not directly known to it. The mind uses the body and controls it unconsciously, in the dark, not in the light. Its shape, form, and members even, are all to be learned by experience. We may hesitate at first to admit this, but a little thought will compel the concession.

If the mind in sensation itself knows and locates the instruments of those sensations, then ought the mind to know its internal organs as well as its external ones. These are often independent sources of pain, and in the nervous system are as indispensable means to perception as the special senses; yet the existence of the stomach, the brain, the liver, the interior formation of the eye, the ear, the nervous fibres and their ramifications, have all to be learned, must all be made objects of examination, and declare nothing to us directly of their own existence. These do not differ as regards our original knowledge of them from the tongue, the finger-ends, except in the fact that we necessarily learn the existence and form of the one set of organs much earlier than we do of the other.

We return to the consideration of our first intellectual states the flow of simple, subjective, unlocalized sensations. (2) General sensations would be quickly accompanied by more special sensations, arising from appetites and from special senses. That special sensations follow general sensations is evident from the fact, that those senses which are peculiarly full in their primitive data, as the eye and the ear, are called latest into action; and also from the fact, that these senses in the earlier forms of animal life