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most completely from previous experience. This power of the mind to deal with abstract relations, and push them entirely in advance of physical inquiry, belongs to it as possessed of pure insight. The abstractions of sensation, as greeness, sweetnesss, hardness, are accompanied by no corresponding sweep of thought, and give no particular mastery. The abstractions of experience can carry no more force than the experience itself.

The complete identity of mathematical truths in different minds, and this from their very first announcement, is a sufficient proof of their absolute character. They are plainly not modified by any special qualities of special forms of intelligence; and they stand, in this particular, in contrast with all empirical knowledge.

Lesson 27 - 9. Primary and secondary qualities Criteria of - p.116

9. A farther error connected with the doctrine of direct perception is the division of the qualities of matter into primary and secondary. The list of primary qualities is differently made out by different philosophers. Extension and solidity are generally recognized as chief among them. The criteria of these qualities as compared with secondary qualities are, that matter can not exist without them, and, especially urged by Hamilton, that in the primary qualities perception is peculiarly direct and clear; "the objective element predominates," "matter is known as principal in its relation to mind." The distinction between primary and secondary qualities seems on these tests to be untenable, and to arise from an oversight of those necessary intuitive ideas involved in the very existence of matter.

Extension should not be regarded as a property of matter, and if so regarded is not, in the form in which it exists, a necessary property. No portion of matter is necessarily of one size rather than another. The actual quality of extension, if it is to be so termed, is as variable as any other